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Diffraction Grating

A diffraction grating is an optical component that disperses light based on the principles of diffraction and interference. Its core structure consists of a large number of equally spaced, parallel grooves or slits fabricated on an optically flat surface (such as glass or metal).
Based on their working principles, diffraction gratings are primarily categorized into two types: 
Transmission Gratings (where light passes through grooved glass substrates); Reflection Gratings (where light reflects from grooved metal surfaces). 
Due to their exceptional dispersion capabilities and high resolution, diffraction gratings have become an indispensable componet in modern optics and spectroscopy.